EFFECT OF ORGANIC, BIO AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD, QUALITY OF FORAGE AND GRAIN YIELD IN BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Plant nutrient plays a significant impact in crop production and environmental contamination. Therefore, two field experiments were carried at the farm of Giza Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, through two winter seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to define the influence of the dual application of mineral nitrogen, bio- and organic-fertilizers on growth criteria, fodder and grain yield and quality of Barley (var. Cececo). A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Plot size was 4 rows each 3 m long and 20 cm apart. Seven fertilization treatments were tested: (1) recommended NPK 100%, (2) organic fertilizer (5 ton compost fed-1)+ 50% N-mineral, (3) organic fertilizer + 75% N-mineral, (4) bio-fertilizer (inoculation with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, pseudomonas and Bacillus) + 50% N-mineral, (5) bio-fertilizer + 75% N-mineral, (6) organic fertilizer + bio-fertilizer + 50% N-mineral and (7) organic fertilizer + bio-fertilizer + 75% N-mineral. Biofertilizer Azospirillum and Bacillus are constituted of mixture of different nitrogen fixers inoculation of plant using the mixing bacterial spp, involving Azospirillum sp., Bacillu ssp., Azotobacter sp., Pseudomana ssp. It is well known that a considerable number of bacterial species, mostly those associated effects up on plant growth. Findings of the present investigation showed that use of organic and bio-fertilizer with N-mineral led to positive and significant effect on all studied characters without significant differences between treatment no. (1) and (7). The treatment no. (7) obtained the higher values of fresh forage yield (10.02 ton fed-1), grain yield (1.50ton fed-1), biological yield (5.30 ton fed-1) and higher content of protein, phosphorus, potassium and carbohydrate in grains. While the recommended NPK obtained fresh forage yield (9.85 ton fed-1), grain yield (1.30ton fed-1), biological yield (5.50 ton fed-1) and higher content of protein, phosphors, potassium and carbohydrate in grains. A feasibility study proved that barley is economically advisable under treatment (organic fertilizer + Bio-fertilizer + 75% N-mineral), where the annual net return of the farm and the net return on investment per Egyptian pound. 11135 L.E. and 2.88 L.E., respectively. Combining organic and bio fertilizers with inorganic nitrogen is more economical than using the recommended NPK rates. Therefore, 25% of the recommended mineral N fertilization can be replaced by a mixture of bio and organic fertilization. The results indicated that use of organic and bio-fertilization have effective role to increase the productivity and quality also to reduce environmental pollution.