A Comparative Overview of Physicochemical Characteristics and Therapeutic Value of World’s Thermal Springs

This study provides a comprehensive and comparative overview of the diverse physicochemical characteristics and therapeutic potentials of specific thermal springs worldwide. Highlighting springs such as Chutrun in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, known for historical bathing benefits, and Mosul's hot springs in Iraq, recognized for non-toxicity and antioxidant qualities, the study explores their potential for tourism. Conversely, Bamyan's thermal springs in Afghanistan raise concerns due to elevated trace element levels. Odisha's thermal springs in India offer metabolic and relaxation benefits but pose a threat to local groundwater. Mount Sabalan's thermal springs in Iran emphasize the importance of trace element geochemistry, revealing potential health risks. Nitrodi Springs in Italy, with historical significance, are considered therapeutic, with high bicarbonate concentrations. Benkachour Thermal Springs in Morocco showcase stability and suitability for balneotherapy. Nepal's hot springs, influenced by tectonic structures, present diverse compositions and untapped health advantages. This study underscores the necessity for ongoing research to fully grasp and leverage the therapeutic potential of thermal springs globally.