Prevalence of Carbapenems Resistant Bacteria: Case of Three Health Facilities in Lomé, Togo

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria resistant to carbapenems within three reference health facilities in Lomé, Togo.

Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out between April and August 2016 within three medical bacteriology laboratories: Institut National d’Hygiène (INH), Sylvanus Olympio and Campus Teaching Hospitals. Samples of various origins were processed according to national standard procedures. Identification of bacteria was carried out according to the Biomérieux API® technique, antibiotics susceptibility test done according to the 2015 recommendations of the Comité de l’antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie (CA-SFM). Thus, enterobacteria with a decreased susceptibility to ertapenem and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem were included.

Results: During the study, 306 strains were isolated at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital, 77 at Campus Teaching Hospital, and 520 at INH. The prevalence was 7.19% (n=22) for Sylvanus Olympio, 2.59% (n=2) for Campus, and 0.77% (n=4) for INH. Among these 28 strains from different origins, 57.14% (n=16) were isolated from hospitalized patients. Most of the strains, 64.29% (n=18) were isolated from urines, 32.14% from pus (n=9), and 3.57% from CSF (n=1). It was 14 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, 11 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, 1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 strain of Escherichia coli. Two strains of E. cloacae and the strain of P. aeruginosa were resistant to colistin.

Conclusion: Cases of strains with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems are isolated within hospitals in Lomé, so a molecular characterization as well as an epidemiological surveillance is needed.