International Migration of Human Resources in the Conditions of Social Transformations

The complexity and multidimensionality of international migration, as a form of international economic relations in the current conditions of the global economy, requires a review of scientific approaches to its study and understanding. The paper aims to develop a systematic study of the international migration of human resources under conditions of social transformation, by analyzing the positive and negative economic consequences for labor-exporting and labor-importing countries. The methods of cognition used in this study included statistical methods and comparative analysis, to assess the geo-economic risks facing countries and regions; economic–mathematical modeling with correlation–regression to build a model for assessing the attractiveness of migration, and for verification and testing of the model; and a graphic–analytical approach to illustrate the examined processes. As a result, a system of determinants of the formation of motives for migration is suggested. These include economic, socio-demographic, political–security, linguistic–cultural, and ecological–natural determinants. The suggested mechanism for parameterizing the migration attractiveness of countries is the identification of which indicators should be taken into account when studying and formalizing the preconditions of migration processes. Based on the identified need to compare countries according to factors of “attraction–repulsion”, using the proposed list of determinants of migration motives, a model of a country’s migration attractiveness was formalized. The model was tested using EU indicators for 2014–2020. The relationship between migration attractiveness and the number of asylum applications in the EU was analyzed, and a high inverse relationship density was established. As a result, the use of the developed model makes it possible to explain and predict migration flows between countries, through the prism of the migratory attractiveness of countries for potential migrants.