Epidemiological Profile and Histopathological Aspects of Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) in Cameroon

Objective: The main objective was to determine the epidemiologic profile and the histologic aspects of nephroblastoma in Cameroon.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months. It included records of patients from 5 different hospitals in Cameroon that were approved by anatomical pathology laboratory unit. The age, gender, region of origin and histopathologic finding of the tumor were recorded from the laboratory registers for each patient. Data was assembled and stored using Excel 2013 software and was analyzed by 6.0 version of EPI info software.

Results: From this study, kidney cancer is the 2nd cause of urogenital cancers (with 9% of cases) after prostate cancer in Cameroon. Nephroblastoma was the commonest cause of kidney cancer in our country with 80 cases over a period of 14 years (2004-2017). The mean pediatric age was 4,00±2,73 years while the mean adult was 30,25±19,91 years. Males were more affected with 60% predominance and most of them were origins from the west region of the country. The majority of tumors (53.22%) had a favorable histology.

Conclusion: In summary, nephroblastoma has a non-negligible impact in the population of Cameroon and has diverse histopathologic aspects.