Brown Manuring a Reliable Method of Weed Control and Source of Nutrients in Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)

Aim: This review provides an overview of the reliability and utilization of SBM on the DSR system. And its effectiveness in the real world. Effective weed and nutrient management are crucial for optimizing rice production while minimizing environmental impacts. The BM or specifically SBM has emerged as a valuable method for both weed and nutrient management in rice cultivation.

Methodology: Simply said, brown manuring is a "no-till" variation of green manuring that uses a selective herbicide to desiccate the crop prior to flowering rather than cultivating it. In accordance with this method, green manure crops are produced alongside the crop while being eradicated with herbicide. The plants' leftovers are left standing in the field alongside the primary crop without integration or in-situ plowing until the leftovers begin to break down in the soil. Along with weed control due to its shadow impact, organic manure is helpful to add. Brown manuring signifies the application of a post-emergence herbicide most prominently 2,4-d to green manure leaves which results in the loss of chlorophyll and browning of the leaves. The sustainability of crop yields depends on effective fertilizer management. Only when all possible nutrient sources are integrated and crop needs are met then only yield sustainability can be determined. Organic manures can be quite helpful in this regard. But because these manures are heavy and deficient in nutrients, a replacement is necessary. Another option for providing nutrients to crops from organic sources is green manure, but this option has some drawbacks because it is primarily used with rice crops, which need 45 to 60 days from seeding to decomposition with ideal temperature and moisture levels.

Results: Brown manuring as a method for integrated nutrition management is the remaining viable choice. In addition to being useful for weed control and enhancing soil health, brown manuring is well capable of providing all the nutrients needed by the crops.