Pivotal Roles of APN/AdipoRs Signaling in Maintaining Ocular Homeostasis and Protecting against Eye Ailments

This comprehensive review critically examines the latest findings and breakthroughs that underscore the pivotal roles of APN/AdipoRs signaling in maintaining ocular homeostasis and protecting against eye ailments. Explaining the complex interactions between ocular diseases and the flexible fat-associated adipokine adiponectin (APN) has garnered a lot of attention in recent years. Discovering the complex connection between aging eye problems and adipocytokine and its receptors (AdipoRs) has become an exciting area of medical research. Here, we meticulously explore the intriguing mechanisms by which APN protein influences retinal function and overall visual acuity. Drawing from an extensive array of cutting-edge studies, the article highlights APN’s multifaceted functions, ranging from anti-inflammatory properties and oxidative stress reduction to angiogenic regulation within retinal and macula tissues Targeting common aging eye diseases with treatment approaches could be made possible by the role that APN/AdipoRs play in mediating these effects. Furthermore, the interaction between APN signaling pathways and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unraveled in this review. The single-cell RNA-seq results validate the expression of both the receptor isoforms (AdipoR1/R2) in retinal cells. The transcriptomic analysis showed lower expression of AdipoR1/2 in dry AMD pathogenesis compared to healthy subjects. The inhibitory adiponectin peptide (APN1) demonstrated over 75% suppression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), whereas the control peptide did not exert any inhibitory effect on CNV. The elucidation of these relationships fosters a deeper understanding of adipose tissue’s profound influence on ocular health, presenting new prospects for personalized treatments and preventative measures. Because APN1 inhibits CNV and leakage, it can be used to treat human AMD. In conclusion, this review provides a captivating journey into the enthralling world of APN, intertwining the realms of adipose biology and ophthalmology in aging. The remarkable connection between fat, in the form of adiponectin, and t654r4dexzsight opens exciting avenues for advancing eye health and improving patient outcomes.